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PCOS VOCABULARY

Acanthosis Nigricans: Acanthosis nigricans refers to the skin changes commonly associated with insulin resistance. The skin in affected areas takes on a darker pigmentation and is often said to have a velvety appearance. The areas most commonly affected include the neck, groin, and under the breasts and arms.

ACTH: ACTH stands for the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. ACTH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary, and which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol and androgens. In the purified form, it is used in the adrenal stimulation test.

Adrenal Gland: The adrenal glands are located above each of the kidneys. The adrenal glands are responsible for the production of many hormones that are important for normal body functions. Some examples of hormones produced by the adrenal glands include androgens, adrenaline, and cortisol.

Androgens: An androgen is a male hormone. There are many different androgens, such as testosterone, which can be produced by both men and women. Androgens are responsible for producing many of the physical traits we consider male (i.e.: body hair growth, increased muscles mass, and deepening of the voice).

Anovulation: When ovulation does not occur, it is called anovulation. Women with PCOS commonly have difficulty becoming pregnant because they do not ovulate on a regular basis. Women who do not ovulate are said to be anovulatory.

Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea refers to the condition in which a woman does not have a menstrual period for six or more months. A woman who has been six months without a menstrual period is said to have amenorrhea or is said to be amenorrheic.

Cortisol: Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenals and is very important for keeping humans alive. Cortisol is responsible for maintaining our ability to process sugars, our blood pressure, and our reaction to stress and illness.

DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone (abbreviated DHEA or DHA) is one of the androgens produced by the adrenals. It is metabolized or changed to DHEAs.

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